1. Manx syndrome (sacrocaudal dysgenesis / spina bifida)
Source dated accessed 2026-05-20Caused by autosomal dominant M gene. All Manx are heterozygous (Mm); homozygous MM cats die in utero due to severe spinal malformations. Heterozygous cats develop fused, shortened, or absent tail vertebrae; spina bifida; sacral bone malformation; and potential rear-limb paralysis. Affected cats may lose bowel/bladder control or develop abnormal gait. Severity is reduced in modern breeding via selective breeding; breeders screen kittens until 4+ months old before sale.